Photography & Visuals

Lionel Messi: Creator and Finisher

Lionel Messi — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Кирилл Венедиктов

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Pelé: A Defining Figure in Brazil's Football History

Pelé — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Raimundo Rosa/A Tribuna

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Marta: Creativity and the Growth of Women's Football

Marta — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Palácio do Planalto from Brasilia, Brasil

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Offside: Position Is Only the First Question

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Umarxon III

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Beyond Formation Numbers: Reading a Team's Shape

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida

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The High Press: Why Defending Starts with the Forwards

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida

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Set Pieces: Collective Design After the Whistle

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Krzysztof Popławski

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Goalkeeping: Reading the Goal, the Space and the Outlet

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida

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The World Cup: National Teams and Shared Memory

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Granada

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Reading Football Statistics: Beyond Possession

Football — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida

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Michael Jordan: Scoring Within a Championship Team

Michael Jordan — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Joshua Massel. Cropped by en:User:Quadzilla99

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Yao Ming: Understanding the Centre as an Offensive Anchor

Yao Ming — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: World Travel & Tourism Council

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Lisa Leslie: The Centre's Complete Contribution

Lisa Leslie — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Gage Skidmore from Surprise, AZ, United States of America

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Five-on-Five Basketball: Possessions and Clocks

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Reading the Pick-and-Roll

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Basketball Spacing: The Choices Created Without the Ball

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Joe Loong

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Rebounding: The Contest That Begins at the Release

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Zone Defence: Protecting Space Still Requires Tracking Players

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Fast Breaks and Recovery: Decisions in Transition

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Reading a Box Score: Production, Efficiency and Role

Basketball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: عرفان کوچاری

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Lang Ping: From Outside Hitter to Team Organiser

Lang Ping — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Brandon Gillin from South Royalton, VT, United States

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Giba: The Complete Outside Hitter

Giba — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná

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Karch Kiraly: Adaptable Skills on Court and Sand

Karch Kiraly — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: therouterguy

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Volleyball Rotation: Position and Playing Role

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Steffen Prößdorf

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The Libero: Turning Defence into an Organised Attack

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: BugWarp

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Reading the Setter: Turning Reception into Choices

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: KeepActive Australia from Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Serve and Reception: The Rally's First Tactical Contest

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: KeepActive Australia from Melbourne, VIC, Australia

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Blocking and Back-Court Defence: One Connected Plan

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Terry Spain

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Quick Attacks and Wide Options: Creating a Timing Advantage

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Ailura

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Appreciating the Long Rally: Control Under Pressure

Volleyball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Steffen Prößdorf

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Roger Federer: The Preparation Behind Fluid Tennis

Roger Federer — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Asadnoy

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Rafael Nadal: Spin, Movement and Patience on Clay

Rafael Nadal — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Nicolas Richoffer

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Serena Williams: Taking Control with the Serve and Return

Serena Williams — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: The original uploader was Nrbelex at English Wikipedia.

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Tennis Scoring: Points, Games and Sets

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Steven Pisano from Brooklyn, NY, USA

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Grass, Clay and Hard Courts: How the Surface Changes Tennis

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Seyhan668

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Serve and Return: The Opening Contest for Space

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: No machine-readable author provided. Steffen Schmitz (more photos) assumed (based on copyright claims).

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Baseline Exchanges: Depth, Angles and Changing Direction

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Alerove

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Approaching the Net: Preparing Before the Volley

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Len Drummond

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Tennis Doubles: Sharing a Wider Court

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Anthony Shaw

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The Four Grand Slams: A Map of Tennis Traditions

Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: AgatheBelot

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Lin Dan: From Explosive Attack to Rally Control

Lin Dan — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Idontknowwhatisit

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Lee Chong Wei: Movement That Sustains the Attack

Lee Chong Wei — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Antony Stanley from Gloucester, UK

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Zhang Ning: Control and Mature Match Judgement

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Wpcpey

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Badminton Court Lines: Singles, Doubles and Service

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: DesiBoy101

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The Twenty-One-Point System: Reading the Closing Stages

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bearas

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Singles Court Control: Moving an Opponent Out of Balance

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sandro Halank, Wikimedia Commons

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Doubles Rotation: Moving Between Attack and Defence

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sandro Halank, Wikimedia Commons

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The Net Contest: Small Contacts, Large Consequences

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Kate Ter Haar from Cedarville, MI, USA

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Smashing and Defending: Placement Beyond Pure Speed

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: BugWarp

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Thomas, Uber and Sudirman Cups: Understanding Team Badminton

Badminton — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Министерство спорта Республики Татарстан

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Ma Long: Building a Complete Attacking System

Ma Long — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Pierre-Yves Beaudouin

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Deng Yaping: Early Timing and Close-Table Initiative

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Samson Ssemakadde

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Jan-Ove Waldner: Creating Choices Through Variation

Jan-Ove Waldner — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Kanjitard

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A Legal Table Tennis Serve: Keeping the Ball Visible

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Samson Ssemakadde

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Reading Spin: Topspin, Backspin and Sidespin

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Samson Ssemakadde

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The First Three Balls: Serve, Receive and Opening Attack

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sport the library

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The Topspin Loop: Combining Rotation and Forward Pressure

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sport the library

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Close-Table Exchanges: Turning Early Timing into Pressure

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sport the library

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Table Tennis Doubles: Why Alternating Strokes Changes Everything

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Samson Ssemakadde

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The Eleven-Point Game: Service Changes and the Finish

Table Tennis — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Thomas Bresson

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Babe Ruth: From Pitcher to Power Hitter

Babe Ruth — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Frances P. Burke

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Jackie Robinson: Historical Change and Sporting Achievement

Jackie Robinson — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Photo by Bob Sandberg, Look photographer Restoration by Adam Cuerden

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Ichiro Suzuki: Contact, Speed and Outfield Defence

Ichiro Suzuki — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Keith Allison

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Innings and Outs: Reading Baseball's Structure

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author

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Balls and Strikes: How the Count Changes the Next Decision

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Toshiyuki IMAI from Kyoto, Japan

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Pitch Types: Speed, Movement and Sequence

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: slgckgc

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Force Plays and Tag Plays: When Touching the Base Is Enough

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tulane Public Relations

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Baserunning: Observation Before Acceleration

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Own work

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Baseball Fielding: Nine Players Responding to One Ball

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: John

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Batting Statistics: Hits, Reaching Base and Power

Baseball — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tom Woodward

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Jonah Lomu: Power, Pace and the Winger's Space

Jonah Lomu — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: New Zealand Government, Office of the Governor-General

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Richie McCaw: Reading the Breakdown

Richie McCaw — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Geoff Trotter

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Jonny Wilkinson: Kicking Decisions and a World Cup Memory

Jonny Wilkinson — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: George Olcott

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Rugby Union Basics: Running Forward, Passing in Support

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Patrick Gillett

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Tries, Conversions and Drop Goals: Reading Rugby's Score

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Ludovic Péron

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Understanding the Scrum: A Coordinated Restart

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Clément Bucco-Lechat

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The Lineout: From Touch to the Next Attack

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Albert Edwin Roberts

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Rucks and Mauls: Start by Finding the Ball

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Clément Bucco-Lechat

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Tactical Kicking: Trading Possession for Position

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: "Auto et Sports & Saludas", et "Le Cri de Toulouse"

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Rugby Sevens: Fewer Players, More Open Space

Rugby Union — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Clément Bucco-Lechat

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Tiger Woods: Power, Precision and Managing a Round

Tiger Woods — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Peetlesnumber1

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Jack Nicklaus: Sustained Performance in Major Championships

Jack Nicklaus — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Series: Photographs Related to the George W. Bush Administration, 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009 Collection: Records of the White House Photo Office (George W. Bush Administration), 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009

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Annika Sörenstam: Precise Execution and a Lasting Influence

Annika Sörenstam — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Keith Allison

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Par, Birdies and Bogeys: Reading a Golf Leaderboard

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Wojciech Migda (Wmigda)

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Club Selection: More Than a Distance Decision

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: post406

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Reading a Putt: Line and Pace Together

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Dan Perry

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Course Management: Leaving a Better Next Shot

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Enrevseluj

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Bunker Play: Rules and Choices in a Special Area

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Theamanmisra

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Stroke Play and Match Play: Different Meanings for the Same Stroke

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Lilrizz

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Understanding Handicaps: A Framework for Comparing Abilities

Golf — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: University of the Fraser Valley

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Dhyan Chand: A Landmark Name in Indian Hockey

Dhyan Chand — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Daljit Singh23

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Luciana Aymar: Creativity at the Centre of Argentina's Attack

Luciana Aymar — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Barcex

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Teun de Nooijer: Connecting Midfield and Attack

Teun de Nooijer — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Paul Blank

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Field Hockey Basics: Stick, Space and the Eleven-Player Game

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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The Shooting Circle: Where Progress Becomes a Goal Threat

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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The Penalty Corner: A Restart with Multiple Attacking Routes

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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Dribbling and Beating a Defender: Opening the Next Route

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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Switching Play: Moving the Defence Across the Field

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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Field Hockey Goalkeeping: Angles Before Reactions

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: El Otro Monstruo

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The Hockey Shootout: Space and Time in One Contest

Field Hockey — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: fh.mum1 from Louisville, KY, USA

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Beyond the Stopwatch: The Four Phases of a 100-Metre Sprint

Athletics — illustrative sporting photograph.

Photo: Unsplash

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Beyond the Score: How Basketball Teams Create Space

Basketball — illustrative sporting photograph.

Photo: Unsplash

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Clay, Grass and Hard Courts: How Surfaces Shape Tennis

Tennis — illustrative sporting photograph.

Photo: Unsplash

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The 100m: Where Sprint Speed Comes From

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Elizabeth Edmondson

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Hurdling: Rhythm Matters More Than Height

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Thomas Faivre-Duboz

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The 4x100m Relay: Matching Speed at the Exchange

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Eckhard Pecher (Arcimboldo)

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1500m Tactics: Position, Pace and the Final Lap

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen

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High Jump: Reading Heights, Failures and Passes

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Quejaytee

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Javelin: Turning a Run-Up into a Valid Throw

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Owula kpakpo

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Decathlon: How Ten Events Become One Total

Athletics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Eckhard Pecher (Arcimboldo)

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Usain Bolt: Understanding a Sprinting Landmark

Usain Bolt — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Neil

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Liu Xiang: Building Rhythm Across Ten Hurdles

Liu Xiang — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: LiuXiang_Fans. Liuxiang fans at de.wikipedia

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Allyson Felix: Individual Speed and Relay Responsibility

Allyson Felix — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Eckhard Pecher (Arcimboldo)

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Four Strokes, Four Different Rule Sets

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Edgar R. Batte

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Starts and Underwater Swimming: Connecting the First Metres

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: BAswim

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Turns and Finishes: Understanding Every Wall

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army

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From 50m to 1500m: How Swimming Pace Changes

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Miguel Angel Omaña Rojas

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Individual Medley and Medley Relay: Different Orders

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army

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Swimming Relays: Connecting Four Performances

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army

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Open Water Swimming: Beyond the Lane Lines

Swimming — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Clem Rutter, Rochester, Kent.

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Michael Phelps: Versatility Across the Pool

Michael Phelps — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Gage Skidmore from Peoria, AZ, United States of America

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Katie Ledecky: Sustaining Speed Over Distance

Katie Ledecky — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Agência Brasil Fotografias

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Ian Thorpe: A Freestyle Figure in Australian Swimming

Ian Thorpe — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Doha Stadium Plus Qatar from Doha, Qatar

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Gymnastics Scoring: Difficulty and Execution

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Men's Artistic Gymnastics: Six Apparatus, Different Demands

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Women's Artistic Gymnastics: Four Apparatus to Follow

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Team, All-Around and Apparatus: Understanding the Medals

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Vault: What Happens During a Few Seconds of Flight

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Balance Beam: Control Between the Elements

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Landing Control: Important, but Not the Whole Routine

Gymnastics — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Simone Biles: Difficulty Within a Complete Performance

Simone Biles — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil

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Nadia Comaneci: The Meaning of Montreal's Perfect Ten

Nadia Comaneci — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Unknown (Comitetul Olimpic si Sportiv Roman)

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Kohei Uchimura: All-Around Strength Across Six Apparatus

Kohei Uchimura — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Rick McCharles

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Springboard and Platform: Different Ways to Take Off

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Rosslieb

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Diving Scores: Difficulty and Execution Together

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jpbazard Jean-Pierre Bazard

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Dive Groups: Direction, Rotation and Body Position

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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The Entry: What a Small Splash Can Tell You

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Synchronised Diving: Two Performances on One Timeline

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Diving Across the Rounds: How a Total Develops

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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From Individual to Synchronised Diving

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Joel Solomon

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Guo Jingjing: Springboard Consistency and Partnership

Guo Jingjing — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Julian Lim

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Fu Mingxia: Olympic Success on Platform and Springboard

Diving — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tanis Coralee Leonhardi

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Greg Louganis: Double Success on Board and Platform

Greg Louganis — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: AIDSgov

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The Snatch: One Continuous Lift to Overhead

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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The Clean and Jerk: Two Phases, One Attempt

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sandro Halank, Wikimedia Commons

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Weightlifting Totals: Making Six Attempts Count

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sander van Ginkel

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Opening Weights and Increases: Strategy on the Platform

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marcus Cyron

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Referee Lights: When Is a Lift Successful?

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jonas de Carvalho from Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Weight Categories: Comparing Like with Like

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Photo: Bgrn.official

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The Bar, Equipment and Platform: What Viewers Can Read

Weightlifting — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Freekhou5

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Naim Suleymanoglu: Strength in the Lighter Categories

The birthplace of Naim Suleymanoglu in Ptichar, Bulgaria. Historical location photograph.

Photo: Valpamoukov

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Pyrros Dimas: Four Olympic Podiums

Pyrros Dimas — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Manu

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Chen Yanqing: Delivering Across Two Olympic Games

Chen Yanqing — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Tksteven

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Boxing Scores: Effective Punches and Individual Rounds

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Wayne Short

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Boxing Distance: Why the Feet Matter

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Roomaif Ger

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The Jab and Combinations: Connecting the Punches

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marcus Cyron

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Defence and Countering: What Happens After the Miss

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marcus Cyron

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Ring Position: Ropes, Corners and Open Space

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: FilBox101

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Olympic-Style and Professional Boxing: Keep the Rules Separate

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marcus Cyron

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Why a Boxing Referee Stops a Bout

Boxing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Juanpabloayalapech

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Muhammad Ali: From Rome to Boxing History

Muhammad Ali — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author

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Teofilo Stevenson: An Olympic Heavyweight Landmark

Teofilo Stevenson — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Vitaliy Arutjunov / Виталий Арутюнов

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Nicola Adams: A Milestone in Women's Olympic Boxing

Nicola Adams — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Kent Capture

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Foil, Epee and Sabre: Three Different Contests

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Like tears in rain

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Fencing Priority: Why Two Lights May Produce One Point

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen

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Epee Distance: Nearby Targets and Double Hits

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: George E. Koronaios

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Why Sabre Looks So Fast

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marcus Cyron

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Fencing Footwork: Creating the Useful Distance

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: chuttersnap chuttersnap

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Team Fencing: Following the Accumulating Score

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: George E. Koronaios

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Masks, Conductive Jackets and Scoring Lights

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: TwoWings

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Valentina Vezzali: Three Consecutive Individual Foil Titles

Valentina Vezzali — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen

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Aladar Gerevich: A Sabre Career Across Decades

Aladar Gerevich — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author

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Zhong Man: Beijing's Individual Sabre Champion

Fencing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Ali Aghayari

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Ippon, Waza-ari and Yuko: Reading Judo Scores

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: The National Paralympic Committee of Azerbaijan

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Grips and Balance: The Contest Before the Throw

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Korea.net / Korean Culture and Information Service (Korean Olympic Committee)

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Judo Throwing Families: Different Routes to Control

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Amuzujoe

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Ne-waza: Why Judo Continues on the Ground

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: John Sherwell

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Golden Score: Understanding Judo Extra Time

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil

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Weight Classes and Mixed Teams in Judo

Judo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Amuzujoe

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Judo Etiquette: Tradition Within Competition

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Photo: Amuzujoe

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Tadahiro Nomura: Three Olympic Titles at Lightweight

Tadahiro Nomura — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: 文部科学省

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Ryoko Tani: Five Olympic Podiums

Ryoko Tani — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: 首相官邸

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Teddy Riner: Control and Timing in Heavyweight Judo

Teddy Riner — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Nicolas Richoffer

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Taekwondo Scoring: Targets, Techniques and Electronic Signals

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Luketkd

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Taekwondo Distance: Why the Front Leg Matters

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Javid Nikpour/Tasnim

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Round Scores and Round Wins: Reading Taekwondo Formats

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Renano

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Turning Techniques: Potential Value and Execution Risk

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Taekwondoitfcol

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Boundaries and Penalties: Why the Score Can Change

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Dilaver Najafov

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Poomsae and Sparring: Different Ways to Watch Taekwondo

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Taekwondo's Olympic Path: Demonstration to Medal Event

Taekwondo — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Dilaver Najafov

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Wu Jingyu: Two Olympic Titles in the Lightweight Division

Wu Jingyu — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Bridget Coila from Beijing, China

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Jade Jones: Olympic Success in London and Rio

Jade Jones — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Nizam Uddin

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Hadi Saei: Olympic Champion in Two Categories

Hadi Saei — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Mohammadhossein Movahedinejad

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Freestyle and Greco-Roman: How Leg Rules Change Wrestling

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jamie Cameron

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Takedowns: Establishing Control After the Descent

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Presidential Press and Information Office

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Exposure and the Fall: Different Scoring Outcomes

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Staff Sergeant Jeremy T. Lock, USAF

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The Mat Boundary: Why the Edge Matters

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army

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Passivity and Initiative: How Wrestling Maintains the Contest

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: National Museum of the U.S. Navy

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Par Terre: Understanding Wrestling on the Ground

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tim Hipps

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Repechage: Why a Defeated Wrestler Can Still Win Bronze

Wrestling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Presidential Press and Information Office

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Aleksandr Karelin: A Greco-Roman Heavyweight Figure

Aleksandr Karelin — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: A.Savin

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Kaori Icho: Four Consecutive Olympic Titles

Kaori Icho — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Matt Churchill

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Saori Yoshida: Sustained Success in Women's Wrestling

Saori Yoshida — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Marcello Farina

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Eddy Merckx: The Meaning of an All-Round Champion

Eddy Merckx — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Doha Stadium Plus Qatar

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Marianne Vos: A Career Across Cycling's Boundaries

Marianne Vos — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Victor van Werkhooven

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Chris Hoy: Power and Judgement on the Track

Chris Hoy — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Scottish Government

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The Peloton: Why Rivals Need to Cooperate

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Simon Wade

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The Individual Time Trial: Racing Against the Clock

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Roy Egloff

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Stage-Race Classifications: Several Contests on One Road

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Fukumoto

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The Track Sprint: Why Slow Riding Can Be Tactical

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Lionel Allorge

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Cross-Country Mountain Biking: When Terrain Becomes the Contest

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tim Regan from Cambridge, UK

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Crosswinds and Echelons: How a Flat Road Splits a Race

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: David Hawgood

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The One-Day Classics: A Race Settled in a Single Day

Cycling — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: The Department for Culture, Media and Sport

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Michael Schumacher: Building Success with a Team

Michael Schumacher — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Rick Dikeman

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Ayrton Senna: Speed, Rivalry and Racing Memory

Ayrton Senna — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Instituto Ayrton Senna

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Lewis Hamilton: Understanding Championship Ability

Lewis Hamilton — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Ben Novakovic

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The Formula One Weekend: Practice, Qualifying and the Race

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Marc Alvarado

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Why Tyres Can Change a Formula One Race

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Ivan Radic

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Undercut and Overcut: Passing Through Strategy

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Rich Jones from United Kingdom

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Formula One Flags: Reading Race Control

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Artes Max from Spain

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Safety Car and Virtual Safety Car: Why Gaps Change

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Liauzh

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The Racing Line: Why a Faster Entry Can Produce a Slower Lap

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Raulongo

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Drivers and Teams: Two Championships in One Season

Formula One — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Morio

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Mikaela Shiffrin: Precision Across the Technical Events

Mikaela Shiffrin — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Krzysztof Golik

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Lindsey Vonn: Reading the Mountain at Speed

Lindsey Vonn — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Stefan Brending (2eight)

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Ingemar Stenmark: A Landmark in Technical Skiing

Ingemar Stenmark — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Bengt Nyman

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Four Alpine Disciplines: What Makes Each One Different?

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army photo by Michel Sauret

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Slalom: Finding Rhythm Between Closely Spaced Gates

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army photo by Michel Sauret

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Downhill: Preserving Speed Through Changing Terrain

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Murray Foubister

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Giant Slalom: Turning an Arc into Speed

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Murray Foubister

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Reading Alpine Results: Splits, Combined Time and Race Status

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Schlegel

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Course Inspection: How Skiers Read a Route Before Racing

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: SSA/Simonlehner

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World Cup, Worlds and Olympics: Different Alpine Honours

Alpine Skiing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: SKas

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Yuzuru Hanyu: Connecting Difficulty and Expression

Yuzuru Hanyu — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: David W. Carmichael

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Yuna Kim: The Balance of a Complete Programme

Yuna Kim — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Republic of Korea from Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Katarina Witt: Character and Stage Presence on Ice

Katarina Witt — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Ralf Roletschek

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Figure Skating Scores: Elements and the Whole Programme

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: FloweringDagwood

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Recognising Jumps: Start with the Take-Off

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: YantsImages

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Spins: Difficulty and Control in a Small Space

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Phantom Kabocha

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Pairs and Ice Dance: Two Different Partnerships

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: U.S. Army USAWCAP by Maj. Nathaniel Garcia

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Short Programme and Free Skate: Different Tasks, One Result

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: FloweringDagwood

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Edges and Steps: Figure Skating's Underlying Language

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Palickap

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How to Read an Official Figure Skating Score Sheet

Figure Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: David W. Carmichael

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Ireen Wüst: Consistency Across Olympic Cycles

Ireen Wüst — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Sander van Ginkel

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Sven Kramer: A Lesson in Distance Pacing

Sven Kramer — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Voltmetro

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Zhang Hong: China's Long-Track Olympic Breakthrough

Zhang Hong — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Sasha Krotov

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Long-Track Lanes: Why Skaters Change Sides

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Ardo191 (talk)

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The 500 Metres: From Start to High-Speed Skating

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Cephas

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Distance Speed Skating: Why Even Laps Matter

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bjarteh

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Team Pursuit: Turning Individual Speed into a Shared Result

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bjarteh

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Mass Start: Tactics on the Long Track

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Cephas

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Blades and Posture: Where Skating Efficiency Comes From

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bjarteh

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Speed Skating and Short Track: Different Racing Logic

Speed Skating — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Cephas

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Janja Garnbret: Finding the Complete Solution

Janja Garnbret — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: FancyBeaver

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Adam Ondra: Competition Climbing and Natural Rock

Adam Ondra — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Pavel Blazek

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Jakob Schubert: Endurance and Decisions on a Lead Route

Jakob Schubert — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: FancyBeaver

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Boulder, Lead and Speed: Three Climbing Languages

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Watching Boulder: What a Failed Attempt Can Reveal

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sandro Halank, Wikimedia Commons

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Watching Lead: More Than the Highest Hold

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Speed Climbing: Milliseconds on a Standard Wall

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Robert Niedźwiedzki

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Route Reading: What Climbers Study Before Leaving the Ground

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Kerryfny

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Dynamic Movement and Static Control: Different Solutions

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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From Tokyo to Paris: How Olympic Climbing Changed

Sport Climbing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons

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Kelly Slater: Adapting to a Changing Ocean

Kelly Slater — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Anthony Quintano from Mount Laurel, United States

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Stephanie Gilmore: The Competitive Value of Flow

Stephanie Gilmore — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Fotsy.be photography

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Carissa Moore: From the Professional Tour to Olympic Surfing

Carissa Moore — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Bruno Nando

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How Surfing Is Scored: More Than Time on the Wave

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Alvesgaspar

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Priority: Who Has the Right to Choose a Wave?

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Austin Neill arstyy

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Reading Waves: Choosing a Course That Will Not Repeat

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jon Sullivan

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The Bottom Turn: Preparing the Next Manoeuvre

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Phuket@photographer.net from Phuket, Thailand

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Watching Barrel Riding: Control Inside the Wave

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Shalom Jacobovitz

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Why Surf Events Use a Waiting Period

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Don Ramey Logan

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From Chiba to Tahiti: Two Olympic Surfing Settings

Surfing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Chris Downer

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Tony Hawk: Bringing Vert Skateboarding to a Wider Audience

Tony Hawk — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: randy stewart from Seattle, WA, USA

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Yuto Horigome: Precision in Street Skateboarding

Yuto Horigome — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: RuinDig/Yuki Uchida

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Sky Brown: Speed and Creativity Through a Park Line

Sky Brown — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Andymiah

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Street and Park: Two Ways to Read a Skateboarding Course

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Wil540

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The Ollie: An Entry Point into Skateboarding's Vocabulary

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Almonroth

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Grinds and Slides: What Touches the Obstacle?

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Oliver Herz

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Regular, Goofy and Switch: Understanding Stance

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Telanjanggmail at en.wikipedia

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Building a Park Run: Connecting the Tricks

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Romke Hoogwaerts from Singapore

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Skateboarding Scores: Difficulty, Completion and a Plan

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Krzysztof Popławski

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Skateboarding at the Olympics: Competition and Culture

Skateboarding — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jarek Tuszyński

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Steve Redgrave: Gold Across Five Summer Olympics

Steve Redgrave — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Phil Guest

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Ekaterina Karsten: The Independent Rhythm of Single Sculls

Ekaterina Karsten — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Joanne from London, UK

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Hamish Bond: From Pair Coordination to the Eight

Hamish Bond — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: New Zealand Government, Office of the Governor-General

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Rowing Boat Classes: Reading 1x, 2− and 8+

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: rivigan

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The Rowing Stroke: Catch, Drive, Finish and Recovery

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden

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The Flat-Water Race: Start, Middle and Finish

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden

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The Coxswain: Organising the Eight

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden

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Why Rowing Uses World Best Times

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden

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Sculling and Sweep: Different Ways to Coordinate Propulsion

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Bengt Nyman from Vaxholm, Sweden

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Flat Water and Coastal Rowing: A Different Environment

Rowing — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Thomas Nugent

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Kim Woojin: Repeatable Execution Under Pressure

Kim Woojin — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Voltmetro

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Ki Bo-bae: Individual Accuracy and Team Rhythm

Ki Bo-bae — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Korea.net / Korean Culture and Information Service (Korean Olympic Committee)

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Brady Ellison: Keeping a Process in Matchplay

Brady Ellison — archival photograph; see the original source for context.

Photo: Ian Patterson

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Recurve and Compound: How the Bow Changes the Contest

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tom Page from London, UK

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Recurve Set Scoring: Why More Total Points May Not Win

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tom Page from London, UK

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Targets and Line Calls: How an Arrow Receives Its Score

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Jorge mello ej

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Ranking Round and Matchplay: Two Different Tests

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tom Page from London, UK

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Team Archery: Managing Precision and a Shared Clock

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Tom Page from London, UK

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Shooting in Wind: Observation and Timing

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sander van Ginkel

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The Shoot-Off: When Distance from the Centre Decides

Archery — illustrative photograph, not a record of a specific event discussed in this article.

Photo: Sander van Ginkel

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